ABL80 FLEX CO-OX blood gas analyser
High-quality co-oximetry in a portable device with automatic quality control
- Co-oximetry
- Automatic Quality Control
- Measures on battery
The ABL80 FLEX CO-OX blood gas analyser provides blood gas, electrolytes, glucose and CO-oximetry parameters with all the advantages of a compact system, including simplicity and reliability.
Automatic quality control ensures reliability of testing performed at the point of care and documents regulatory compliance.
The ABL80 FLEX CO-OX analyser comes with a variety of parameter panels and rapid start-up time after change of consumables. On top, it features customizable interface profiles and centralised user management, providing high flexibility to both laboratory and clinical staff.
Parameters measured
Potential of hydrogen
The degree of acidity or alkalinity of any liquid (including blood) is a function of its hydrogen ion concentration [H+], and pH is simply a way of expressing hydrogen ion activity. The relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration is described thus:
pH = -log aH+
where aH+ is hydrogen ion activity.
Low pH is associated with acidosis and high pH with alkalosis [1,2].
- CLSI. Blood gas and pH analysis and related measurements; Approved Guidelines. CLSI document CA46-A2, 29, 8. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087-1898 USA, 2009
- Acute care testing handbook. Radiometer Medical ApS, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark, 2014. As accessed on https://www.radiometer.com/en/knowledge-center/handbooks/acute-care-testing-handbook
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an acidic gas; the amount of CO2 in blood is largely controlled by the rate and depth of breathing or ventilation. pCO2 is the partial pressure of CO2 in blood. It is a measure of the pressure exerted by that small portion (~5 %) of total CO2 that remains in the gaseous state, dissolved in the blood plasma. pCO2 is the respiratory component of acid-base balance and reflects the adequacy of pulmonary ventilation. The severity of ventilator failure as well as the chronicity can be judged by the accompanying changes in acid-base status [1,2].
- Higgins C. Parameters that reflect the carbon dioxide content of blood. www.acutecaretesting.org Oct 2008.
- Acute care testing handbook. Radiometer Medical ApS, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark, 2014
Partial pressure of oxygen
The amount of oxygen in blood is controlled by many variables, e.g. ventilation/perfusion. pO2 is the partial pressure of oxygen in a gas phase in equilibrium with the blood. pO2 only reflects a small fraction (1 – 2 %) of total oxygen in blood that is dissolved in blood plasma [1]. The remaining 98 – 99 % of oxygen present in blood is bound to the hemoglobin in the erythrocytes. pO2 primarily reflects the oxygen uptake in the lungs. [2]
1. Wettstein R, Wilkins R. Interpretation of blood gases. In: Clinical assessment in respiratory care, 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 2010.
2. Acute care testing handbook. Radiometer Medical ApS, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark, 2014. As accessed on https://www.radiometer.com/en/knowledge-center/handbooks/acute-care-testing-handbook.
Glucose
Glucose, the most abundant carbohydrate in human metabolism, serves as the major intracellular energy source (see lactate). Glucose is derived principally from dietary carbohydrate, but it is also produced – primarily in the liver and kidneys – via the anabolic process of gluconeogenesis, and from the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis). This endogenously produced glucose helps keep blood glucose concentration within normal limits, when dietary-derived glucose is not available, e.g. between meals or during periods of starvation. [1]
1. Acute care testing handbook. Radiometer Medical ApS, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark, 2014. As accessed on https://www.radiometer.com/en/knowledge-center/handbooks/acute-care-testing-handbook.
Calcium
The calcium ion (Ca2+) is one of the most prevalent cations in the body, where approximately 1 % is present in the extracellular fluid of blood. Ca2+ plays a vital role for bone mineralization and many cellular processes, e.g. contractility of the heart and the skeletal musculature, neuromuscular transmission, hormone secretion and action in various enzymatic reactions such as, e.g. blood coagulation. [1]
1. Acute care testing handbook. Radiometer Medical ApS, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark, 2014. As accessed on https://www.radiometer.com/en/knowledge-center/handbooks/acute-care-testing-handbook.
Chloride
Chloride (Cl-) is the major anion in the extracellular fluid and one of the most important anions in blood. The main function of Cl- is to maintain osmotic pressure, fluid balance, muscular activity, ionic neutrality in plasma, and help elucidate the cause of acid-base disturbances. [1]
1. Acute care testing handbook. Radiometer Medical ApS, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark, 2014. As accessed on https://www.radiometer.com/en/knowledge-center/handbooks/acute-care-testing-handbook.
Potassium
Potassium (K+) is the major cation in the intracellular fluid, where it has a 25 - 37-fold higher concentration (∼150 mmol/L in tissue cells, ∼105 mmol/L in erythrocytes) than in the extracellular fluid (∼4 mmol/L) [1, 2]. K+ has several vital functions in the body, e.g. regulation of neuromuscular excitability, regulation of heart rhythm, regulation of intracellular and extracellular volume and acid-base status. [3]
1. Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE. Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 5th ed. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier, 2012.
2. Engquist A. Fluids/Electrolytes/Nutrition. 1st ed. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1985.
3. Acute care testing handbook. Radiometer Medical ApS, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark, 2014. As accessed on https://www.radiometer.com/en/knowledge-center/handbooks/acute-care-testing-handbook.
Sodium
Sodium (Na+) is the dominant cation in the extracellular fluid, where it has a 14-fold higher concentration (∼140 mmol/L) than in the intracellular fluid (∼10 mmol/L). Na+ is a major contributor of the osmolality of the extracellular fluid and its main function is largely in controlling and regulating water balance, and maintaining blood pressure. Na+ is also important for transmitting nerve impulses and activating muscle concretion. [1]
1. Acute care testing handbook. Radiometer Medical ApS, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark, 2014. As accessed on https://www.radiometer.com/en/knowledge-center/handbooks/acute-care-testing-handbook.
Total hemoglobin
The concentration of total hemoglobin (ctHb) in blood includes oxyhemoglobin (cO2Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (cHHb), as well as the dysfunctional hemoglobin species that are incapable of binding oxygen:
carboxyhemoglobin (cCOHb) (see COHb), methemoglobin (cMetHb) (see MetHb) and sulfhemoglobin (cSulfHb).
Thus:
ctHb = cO2Hb + cHHb + cCOHb + cMetHb + cSulfHb
The rare sulfHb is not included in the reported c tHb in most oximeters. [1]
1. Acute care testing handbook. Radiometer Medical ApS, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark, 2014. As accessed on https://www.radiometer.com/en/knowledge-center/handbooks/acute-care-testing-handbook.
Oxygen saturation
Oxygen saturation (sO2) is the ratio of oxyhemoglobin concentration to concentration of functional hemoglobin (i.e. oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) capable of carrying oxygen [1].
The sO2 reflects utilization of the currently available oxygen transport capacity.
In arterial blood 98 – 99 % of oxygen is transported in erythrocytes bound to hemoglobin. The remaining 1–2 % of the oxygen transported in blood is dissolved in the blood plasma – this is the portion reported as partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) [2,3].
1. CLSI. Blood gas and pH analysis and related measurements; Approved Guidelines. CLSI document CA46-A2, 29, 8. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087-1898 USA, 2009.
2. Higgins C. Parameters that reflect the carbon dioxide content of blood. www.acutecaretesting.org Oct 2008.
3. Acute care testing handbook. Radiometer Medical ApS, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark, 2014. As accessed on https://www.radiometer.com/en/knowledge-center/handbooks/acute-care-testing-handbook.
Fraction of oxyhemoglobin
FO2Hb in total hemoglobin in blood. [1]
1. Acute care testing handbook. Radiometer Medical ApS, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark, 2014. As accessed on https://www.radiometer.com/en/knowledge-center/handbooks/acute-care-testing-handbook.
Carboxyhemoglobin
FCOHb is the fraction of total hemoglobin (ctHb) which is present as carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). By convention the fraction is expressed as a percentage (%).
In the range of 0 – 60 % COHb in arterial (COHb(a)) and venous blood (COHb(v)) is similar, i.e. either venous or arterial blood may be analyzed [1]. In most medical texts FCOHb(a) is referred to as simply COHb. [2]
1. Lopez DM, Weingarten-Arams JS, Singer LP, Conway EE Jr. Relationship between arterial, mixed venous and internal jugular carboxyhemoglobin concentrations at low, medium and high concentrations in a piglet model of carbon monoxide toxicity. Crit Care Med 2000; 28: 1998-2001.
2. Acute care testing handbook. Radiometer Medical ApS, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark, 2014. As accessed on https://www.radiometer.com/en/knowledge-center/handbooks/acute-care-testing-handbook.
Methemoglobin
FMetHb is the fraction of total hemoglobin (ctHb) that is present as methemoglobin (MetHb). By convention the fraction is expressed as a percentage (%) [1].
In most medical text boxes MetHb(a) is referred to as simply methemoglobin (MetHb). [2]
1. CLSI. Blood gas and pH analysis and related measurements; Approved Guidelines. CLSI document CA46-A2, 29, 8. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087-1898 USA, 2009.
2. Acute care testing handbook. Radiometer Medical ApS, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark, 2014. As accessed on https://www.radiometer.com/en/knowledge-center/handbooks/acute-care-testing-handbook.
Fraction of deoxyhemoglobin
FHHb in total hemoglobin in blood. [1]
1. Acute care testing handbook. Radiometer Medical ApS, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark, 2014. As accessed on https://www.radiometer.com/en/knowledge-center/handbooks/acute-care-testing-handbook.
The ABL80 FLEX CO-OX analyzer offers full IT connectivity to the AQURE point-of-care management system*), and can be used as a part of Radiometer’s 1st Automatic solution.
*) In the USA, the remote control functionality of the AQURE system is not yet released for sale
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